With
adverbs ending in -ly, you must use more to
form the comparative, and most to form the
superlative.
Adverb
Comparative
Superlative
quietly
more quietly
most quietly
slowly
more slowly
most slowly
seriously
more seriously
most seriously
EXAMPLES
·The
teacher spoke more slowly to
help us to understand.
·Could
you sing more quietly please?
With short adverbs that do not end in -ly comparative
and superlative forms are identical to adjectives: add -er to
form the comparative and -est to form the
superlative. If the adverb ends in e, remove it before adding
the ending.
Adverb
Comparative
Superlative
hard
harder
hardest
fast
faster
fastest
late
later
latest
EXAMPLES
·Jim
works harder than his brother.
·Everyone
in the race ran fast, but John ran the fastest of all.
·Some
adverbs have irregular comparative and superlative forms.
'Have to' is used to
express obligation in English. Its use is very frequent. Below are the rules
and some tips to use it corerctamente. Then there is an exercise with the
answers to practice it.
SE FORMA:
con have to + el verbo infinitivo: ver las
diferentes formas abajo
AFIRMATIVO
NEGATIVO
INTEROGATIVO
I
have to
you have to
he/she/it has to
we have to they have to
I don´t have to
you don´t have to
he/she/it doesn´t have to
we don´t have to
they don´t have to
do you have to
does he/she/it have to
do we have to
do they have to
Example:
I have to work everyday.
(tengo que trabajar todos los dias)
I don´t have to work everday.
( no tengo que trabajar todos los dias) Do you have to work everyday? (¿tienes que trabajar todos los dias?)
NEED TO
Need can be modal verb and full verb. As full verb corresponds to need.
As a modal verb, it expresses a need that is not demanded by a law, logic or
natural force. There is no external force that imposes the action, it is rather
an inner force, as the examples will show. Spanish does not know these
distinctions and therefore must be translated need as modal verb with having
to.
4) Only the majority of acts each term need satisfy this requirement, and no
act need contain solely
Christian material.
Este requisito sólo debe cumplirse en la mayoría de los actos litúrgicos celebrados durante el curso y no es necesario que cada uno de ellos contenga
exclusivamente elementos cristianos.
5) We need confidence
to achieve this and the people of Europe need perspectives.
Necesitamos confianza para lograr este objetivo y la
población de Europa necesita perspectivas.
"Should" is a modal auxiliary. It has several uses
(conditional, give advice, duty or weak obligation ...).
As auxiliary verb shares the characteristics of manners:
• It is followed by a verb in infinitive without "to", except
be able to, need to, have to and ought to.
• The third person singular does not have -s in the present simple.
• You do not need to add the auxiliary do / does for the interrogative
and negative form.
• It does not have compound or progressive times.
• It does not have infinitive.
Ought to: Modal verbs are those auxiliaries that need another
verb to make sense. The best known are can, could, should, might, will, must
... And, of course, ought to. Of course, the use of this modal verb is very
formal and is not used in American English.
HOW IS IT FORMED?
Affirmative: subject + should + infinitive without
He should work harder (should work more)
Negatives: subject + should not / should not + infinitive without
We should not arrive late / we should not arrive late (we should not be
late)
Interrogatives: Should + subject + infinitive without
Should I study this chapter for the exam? (Should I study this chapter
for the exam?)
Should I go to the party? Yes, you should / No, you should not.
WHEN DO WE USE
SHOULD?
The verb should be translated as "should" and is used in the
following cases:
1. Give and ask for advice.
As we indicated in Tips with should in English, should be used to give
and ask for advice.
Your car is very old. You should buy a new one (your car is very old,
you should buy a new one)
You should do your homework (you should do your homework)
Should I have my hair cut? (Should I cut my hair?)
In this case, we could also use the modal verb ought to / oughtn't to.
You do not look well. You ought to go to the doctor (you do not have a
good face, you should go to the doctor)
You oughtn't to drive so fast / You ought not to drive so fast (you
should not drive so fast)
Caution: Should express weak obligation (advice). On the contrary, must
is used to express strong obligation (order).
2. When we want to indicate that
something is or is not correct.
You should not get angry so easily (you should not get angry so easily)
You should recycle (you should recycle)
You should not drive so fast. It's dangerous (you should not drive so
fast, it's dangerous)
3. To criticize past actions.
In this case we use should have + past participle or ought to have +
past participle.
You should have told me you were going to arrive late (You should have
told me you were going to be late).
They ought to have studied harder. (they should have studied more)
In negative:
You should not have told her. It was a secret (you should not have told
it. It was a secret)
4. Make suggestions in an
educated way when we do not know the answer.
Should I put the bags here? (Do I put the bags here?) (Can I (should)
put the bags here?)
EXAMPLE OF SHOULD
1. I've got a headache. You should drink a glass of water.
2. I've forgotten my books. You should tell the teacher.
3. My back hurts. You should go to the doctor's.
4. The house is very untidy. You should tidy it.
5. I've got toothache. You should see a dentist.
EXAMPLE OF OUGHT TO
1.You ought to rest a little more - Deberías descansar un poco más
2.My mother ought not to spend so much money - Mi madre no debería
gastar tanto dinero
3.The kid oughtn't go alone
to the park - El niño no debería ir solo al parque
4.Your father ought not help you with your homework - Tu padre no
debería ayudarte con tus deberes
5.We ought to go by plane - Deberíamos ir en avión
